Their bodies are made of fewer tissues and the genetic developmental program in plants is simple enough that many cells retain their totipotency into maturity. Micropropagation is the process of quickly multiplying the stock plant material to generate a big number of progeny plants within aseptic conditions utilizing modern plant tissue culture techniques. It is done under sterile conditions in a laboratory using plant seed or tissue. Micropropagation is a standard in the commercial nursery industry in kevins opinion this is where tissue culture should stay, in a nursery setting. Put as simply as possible, micropropagation is where you take tissue from a plant to produce an identical plant grown in lab conditions, the idea being that you can produce large quantities of these identical plants in a short space of time. Regenerationin plant cultures, a morphogenetic response to a stimulus that results in the products of organs embryos or whole. Micropropagation plants can be propagated by sexual through generation of seeds or asexual through multiplication of vegetative parts means. Micropropagation techniques for the regeneration of plant species. Basal media optimization for the micropropagation and. Plant tissue culture techniquestools in plant micropropagation. The different techniques of single cell and protoplast culture also enable thousand plants to be derived within a short space and time. The responses of plants in tissue culture vary as you alter the nutrients, plant growth regulators, photoperiod, temperature and even the type of tissue used for the cultures. Practical documentation of morphogenetic and biochemical totipotency in varied plant species e. Micropropagation dramatically reduces greenhouse space required for maintaining stock plants, helps eliminate systemic diseases in starting materials, and provides growers with healthy, uniform liners yearround.
With orchids it is the only way to reproduce the plants as. An alternative method of vegetative propagation for mass propagation is offered through micropropagation. The prodigious advantages of in vitro aseptic technique of clonal propagation i. An introduction to micropropogation kindle edition by kyte, lydiane, kleyn, john, scoggins, holly, bridgen, mark. Commercial production of ornamental tropical foliage plants. Micropropagation of plants loberant major reference. Shoot culture 9most widely used method for commercial micropropagation 9relatively high genetic stability in the plants produced shoot culture advantages 9reliable rates and consistency of shoot multiplication 93 8 fold multiplication rate per month 9preexisting meristems are least susceptible to genetic changes micropropagation stages stage 0. Micropropagation of orchids micropropagation is the process used to replicate plants such as orchids, the word micropropagation means simply propagation in miniature. Read this article to learn about the techniques, factors, applications and disadvantages of micro propagation process and also about production of diseasefree plants and its merits and demerits. Micropropagation is not always the perfect means of multiplying plants.
Micropropagation stages, types, applications, advantages. Micropropagation stages, types, applications, advantages, limitations. Micropropagation is a technology that has developed within the past 30 years. Unit ii biotechnology and plants plant tissue culture 7. Plant tissue culture terminology plant tissue culturethe growth or maintenance of plant cells, tissues, organs or whole plants in vitro. Regenerationin plant cultures, a morphogenetic response to a stimulus that results in the products of organs, embryos, or whole plants. Download it once and read it on your kindle device, pc, phones or tablets. It helps to produce plants with desired characteristics. Application of micropropagation in banana has different advantages, such as, rapid multiplication, production of disease free planting material. The process of micropropagation, also known as tissue culture, is the main mechanism for cloning a plant.
Plant tissue culturethe growth or maintenance of plant cells, tissues, organs or whole plants in vitro. Somaclonal variationphenotypic variation, either genetic or epigenetic in origin. The regeneration frequencies of asexual tissues of woody species have generally been zero or low, and require cultivar specific procedures. Acclimatization of plants transferred to soil micropropagation successful plant transfer from culture to soil show high survival rate and cost involved in the process is low. An analysis has been made of commercial micropropagation in 15 west european countries. Micropropagation is the use of tissue culture methods to propagate plants. In 1988 western europe had 248 commercial tissue culture laboratories with a total production of 212. It is a stepwise process in which a large number of plants are produced from a single explant. The plants find a problem acclimatizing to the natural environment. In general, species root easier in tissue culture than. Micropropagated plants of these 3 cultivars outperformed runnerpropagated controls although fruit size was reduced somewhat. Micropropagation is the truetotype propagation of a selected genotype using in vitro culture techniques. Plant tissue culture integrates almost all the various aspects of plant physiology.
The technique of micropropagation provides a good alternative for those plant species that show resistance to practices of conventional bulk propagation. Micro propagation is the practice of quickly multiplying stock plant material to produce a large number of progeny plants, using contemporary plant tissue culture methods. Use features like bookmarks, note taking and highlighting while reading plants from test tubes. Micropropagation is cost effective because large numbers of diseasefree plantlets can be originated in a tissue culture laboratory.
Plants are relatively straightforward to clone, at least compared to animals. Ornamental plants are produced primarily for their artistic value, thus the propagation and improvement of quality attributes and the creation of novel variation are important economic goals for floriculturists. Micropropagation enables growers to increase the production of plants that normally propagate very slowly such as narcissus and other. Shoots multiplied in culture must be rooted in stage iii in order to create a new plantlet. The new fourth edition has been thoroughly revised and updated to reflect the many advances in science and technology, including the five accepted sequential stages of micropropagation. Plants in large numbers can be produced in a short period. Each of these plants will be genetically identical to the original plant from where they were grown. Micropropagation of ornamental plants international.
It is the propagation of plants by growing plantlets in tissue culture and then planting it. Most species micropropagated were ornamental plants 157 million. Micropropagation, in addition to genetic engineering, is at present the most commercially efficient and practically. Some growers specialize in only the micropropagation of plantlets, leaving the growingon to others. Most often micropropagation is also associated with mass production at a competitive price. Uf students, you can often directly print off pdf versions of more recent publications by visiting the specific journal websites while you are logged into the uf server as a student. A monoculture is produced after micropropagation, leading to a lack of overall disease resilience, as all progeny plants may be vulnerable to the same infections. There are quite a lot of differences to traditional propagation. Micropropagation vs traditional propagation love the garden.
Rather than getting 0 plants per year from an initial cutting, one can obtain upwards of 1,000,000 plants per year from one initial explant. The room includes handson demonstrations of clonal propagation by layering, cuttings, grafting and micropropagation. This method of tissue culture produces several plants. Pdf micropropagation techniques for the regeneration of. Introduction plant tissue culture or micropropagation technology has made invaluable contribution to agriculture by enabling the production of disease free, quality planting material of commercial plants and fruit trees, throughout the year. Micropropagation enables growers to increase the production of plants that normally propagate very slowly such as narcissus and other bulbous crops. Thirty years ago, in vitro propagation was a new technique for producing plants, and lydiane kytes plants from test tubes became the standard work on the topic. The technique has been applied to a substantial number of commercial vegetatively propagated plant species. Micropropagation is the rapid vegetative propagation of plants under in vitro conditions of high light intensity, controlled temperature, and a defined nutrient medium. Micropropagation if a form of clonal propagation that differs from all other conventional propagation methods in one important aspect. Currently, the demand for micropropagated plants is greater than the supply with some plants.
Micropropagation is the tissue culture technique used for rapid vegetative multiplication of ornamental plants and fruit trees. Plant cells for micropropagation may be newly transformed as a result of genetic engineering, or they might be cells taken from plant tissue. The resulting plants were vigorous, uniform, and capable of fruiting within 1 year from micropropagation. When wonderland nursery is fulfilling an order of a couple thousand plants, the only practical way to execute is via micropropagation. Chapter2 micropropagation and large scale culture of c. From this increasingly sophisticated understanding of the natural history of cloning, early agriculturists domesticated a number of fruit, nut and other food crops and eventually a host of ornamentals as well. Transplanted plantlets shoot immediately irrigated with inorganic nutrient solution and maintained under high humidity for initial 1015 days. Micropropagation is a method of plant propagation using extremely small pieces of plant tissue taken from a carefully chosen and prepared mother plant, and growing these under laboratory conditions to produce new plants. In 1974,toshio murashige, an early researcher in the field of tissue culture, defined three stages of micropropagation that later grew to four stages.
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